Sleep hygiene Analysis 3/16/2021

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

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library(tidyverse)

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library(arsenal)
library(data.table)

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library(expss)

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library(ggsci)

#ideas, stratify by what do you consider a good nights sleep
#additive index according to behaviors 
#regression models for the outcome.

#Positive quality of sleep - 
#Consistent wake up 
#Greater than 7 hrs to 9 hrs --> stratify #for sure USE THIS AND ONE OR THE OTHER
  #Agreement questions Q44
  #Current bedtime routines
  #Current lifestyle habits
  #Employment and children

analysisdata <- readRDS("foranalysis.rds")

#Binary variable for seven or nine weighted as 1
#analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
#  sevenornine = case_when(
#    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep >= 7.0 & Q10_workdayhoursofsleep <= 9.0 ~ 1,
#    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep < 7.0 | Q10_workdayhoursofsleep > 9.0 ~ 0,
#    is.na(Q10_workdayhoursofsleep) ~ NA_real_
#    ))


analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
  sevenornine = case_when(
    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep >= 7.0 & Q10_workdayhoursofsleep <= 9.0 ~ 2,
    Q10_workdayhoursofsleep < 7.0 | Q10_workdayhoursofsleep > 9.0 ~ 0,
    is.na(Q10_workdayhoursofsleep) ~ NA_real_
    ))

#Binary variable for quality of sleep weighted as 1
analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
  quality = case_when(
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Somewhat agree" ~ 1,
    Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep == "Strongly agree" ~ 1,
    is.na(Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep) ~ NA_real_,
    TRUE ~ 0))

#Binary variable for consistency of wake up weighted as 1
analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
  consistency = case_when(
    Q13_consistentwakeup == "Yes" ~ 1,
    is.na(Q13_consistentwakeup) ~ NA_real_,
    TRUE ~ 0))

#Compositescore computation
analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(
  compositescore = sevenornine + quality + consistency
  )

#analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(compositeoutcomegoodsleep = factor(compositescore, label = c("score 0 - worst sleep", "score 1", "score 2", "score 3 - best sleep"))) %>%
#  filter(!is.na(compositescore))

analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(compositeoutcomegoodsleep = factor(compositescore, label = c("score 0 - worst sleep", "score 1", "score 2", "score 3", "score 4 - best sleep"))) %>%
  filter(!is.na(compositescore))


# analysisdata <- analysisdata %>% mutate(compositeoutcomegoodsleep = factor(compositescore, label = c("score 0", "score 1", "score 2", "score 3"))) %>%
#  filter(!is.na(compositescore))

#Logistic regression just input demographic variables, then add pyschosocial variables and see how that affects model statistics. Sequential adjustment.

#Cut it in different places. 
#Split between 2 and 3 , and 3 and 4 

#Cumulative score how many ones do you get 
#hours of sleep (7-9) vs. outside of (7-9) --> either interim category 
#quality of sleep (1) sometimes or (0)
#consistent wakeup (1) sometimes/no (0)

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~ Q3_role + 
                  Q4_gender +
                  Q5_age +
                  Q6_numberinhousehold +
                  Q37_employed +
                  Q8_diagnosis +
                  Q10_workdayhoursofsleep +
                  Q11_weekendhoursofsleep +
                  Q9_howoftensleepy,
                data=analysisdata, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	score 0 - worst sleep (N=27)	score 1 (N=35)	score 2 (N=36)	score 3 (N=47)	score 4 - best sleep (N=53)	Total (N=198)	p value
What is your role at Bloomberg							0.6211
Faculty/Staff Member	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.7%)	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.1%)	1 (1.9%)	5 (2.5%)
Full-time student	21 (77.8%)	20 (57.1%)	28 (77.8%)	31 (66.0%)	37 (69.8%)	137 (69.2%)
Part-time student	6 (22.2%)	13 (37.1%)	7 (19.4%)	15 (31.9%)	15 (28.3%)	56 (28.3%)
What gender do you identify as?							0.2511
Female	21 (77.8%)	25 (71.4%)	26 (72.2%)	40 (85.1%)	46 (86.8%)	158 (79.8%)
Male	4 (14.8%)	8 (22.9%)	9 (25.0%)	7 (14.9%)	7 (13.2%)	35 (17.7%)
Non-binary / third gender	1 (3.7%)	2 (5.7%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (2.0%)
Prefer not to say	1 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
How old are you?							0.2552
Median (Q1, Q3)	26.50 (25.00, 29.75)	30.00 (26.00, 36.00)	27.00 (24.00, 30.00)	29.00 (26.00, 31.00)	28.00 (24.00, 32.00)	28.00 (25.00, 32.00)
How many people live in your household, including yourself?							0.2032
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
Are you currently employed outside of your education program?							0.6791
N-Miss	0	0	1	0	0	1
No	13 (48.1%)	17 (48.6%)	19 (54.3%)	18 (38.3%)	26 (49.1%)	93 (47.2%)
Yes	14 (51.9%)	18 (51.4%)	16 (45.7%)	29 (61.7%)	27 (50.9%)	104 (52.8%)
Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?							0.6031
Insomnia	3 (11.1%)	1 (2.9%)	3 (8.3%)	4 (8.5%)	1 (1.9%)	12 (6.1%)
No	24 (88.9%)	32 (91.4%)	30 (83.3%)	43 (91.5%)	50 (94.3%)	179 (90.4%)
Other	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	3 (1.5%)
Sleep Apnea	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	2 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	4 (2.0%)
During the past 5 workdays, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?							< 0.0012
Median (Q1, Q3)	6.00 (5.00, 6.00)	6.00 (5.00, 6.00)	7.00 (7.00, 7.50)	7.00 (7.00, 8.00)	7.00 (7.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 7.50)
During the past weekend, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?							< 0.0012
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.25, 9.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	8.00 (7.15, 8.75)	8.00 (7.75, 9.00)	8.00 (7.50, 9.00)	8.00 (7.00, 9.00)
How often do you feel sleepy during the day?
N-Miss	13	13	17	17	4	64
Never	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (6.7%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.5%)
Rarely	1 (7.1%)	5 (22.7%)	1 (5.3%)	6 (20.0%)	12 (24.5%)	25 (18.7%)
Sometimes	9 (64.3%)	13 (59.1%)	18 (94.7%)	20 (66.7%)	36 (73.5%)	96 (71.6%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Always	4 (28.6%)	4 (18.2%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (6.7%)	1 (2.0%)	11 (8.2%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test
2. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test

#If student
student <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q3_role != "Faculty/Staff Member")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~ Q2_program,
                data=student, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	score 0 - worst sleep (N=27)	score 1 (N=33)	score 2 (N=35)	score 3 (N=46)	score 4 - best sleep (N=52)	Total (N=193)	p value
What is your current program at Bloomberg?							0.2671
Doctoral Student	4 (14.8%)	9 (27.3%)	6 (17.1%)	17 (37.0%)	16 (30.8%)	52 (26.9%)
Masters Student	23 (85.2%)	22 (66.7%)	27 (77.1%)	28 (60.9%)	35 (67.3%)	135 (69.9%)
Other	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.2%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Post doctoral student	0 (0.0%)	2 (6.1%)	2 (5.7%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	5 (2.6%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

#If employed 
employed <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep ~ Q38_wfh,
                data=employed, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	score 0 - worst sleep (N=14)	score 1 (N=18)	score 2 (N=16)	score 3 (N=29)	score 4 - best sleep (N=27)	Total (N=104)	p value
Do you work from home?							0.8011
No	4 (28.6%)	7 (38.9%)	4 (25.0%)	9 (31.0%)	6 (22.2%)	30 (28.8%)
Yes	10 (71.4%)	11 (61.1%)	12 (75.0%)	20 (69.0%)	21 (77.8%)	74 (71.2%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

#If wfh
notworkfromhome <- analysisdata %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes" & Q38_wfh == "No")

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep ~ Q39_dayornight,
                data=notworkfromhome, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	score 0 - worst sleep (N=4)	score 1 (N=7)	score 2 (N=4)	score 3 (N=9)	score 4 - best sleep (N=6)	Total (N=30)	p value
Do you work day or night shifts?							0.0671
N-Miss	0	0	0	1	0	1
Day shift	2 (50.0%)	7 (100.0%)	4 (100.0%)	7 (87.5%)	6 (100.0%)	26 (89.7%)
Night shift	2 (50.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (12.5%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (10.3%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test

tab1 <- tableby(compositeoutcomegoodsleep~  
                  Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays +
                  Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid +
                  bedtimeroutine +
                  Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen +
                  as.numeric(Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen) +
                  Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen +
                  Q17_stressedaboutschool +
                  cantsleepfeeling +
                  Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness +
                  behaviors +
                  Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome +
                  Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine +
                  Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance +
                  Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy +
                  Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality +
                  Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits +
                  Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep +
                  Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly +
                  Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed +
                  Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep +
                  Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites +
                  Q50_2_attractivness +
                  Q50_3_productivity +
                  Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals +
                  Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing +
                  Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships +
                  Q50_7_caringforchildren +
                  Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning +
                  Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday +
                  Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep +
                  Q53_4_notusescreens +
                  Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast +
                  information,
                data=analysisdata, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 2. Sleep questions', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 2. Sleep questions

	score 0 - worst sleep (N=27)	score 1 (N=35)	score 2 (N=36)	score 3 (N=47)	score 4 - best sleep (N=53)	Total (N=198)	p value
Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?							< 0.0011
No	24 (88.9%)	19 (54.3%)	20 (55.6%)	17 (36.2%)	5 (9.4%)	85 (42.9%)
Sometimes	3 (11.1%)	7 (20.0%)	9 (25.0%)	14 (29.8%)	14 (26.4%)	47 (23.7%)
Yes	0 (0.0%)	9 (25.7%)	7 (19.4%)	16 (34.0%)	34 (64.2%)	66 (33.3%)
Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?							0.0031
N-Miss	0	1	0	1	0	2
No	5 (18.5%)	13 (38.2%)	13 (36.1%)	12 (26.1%)	27 (50.9%)	70 (35.7%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has improved	1 (3.7%)	2 (5.9%)	3 (8.3%)	11 (23.9%)	9 (17.0%)	26 (13.3%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has worsened	21 (77.8%)	19 (55.9%)	20 (55.6%)	23 (50.0%)	17 (32.1%)	100 (51.0%)
My bedtime routine includes:							0.5911
N-Miss	0	0	1	0	0	1
Brushing teeth	8 (29.6%)	10 (28.6%)	14 (40.0%)	16 (34.0%)	15 (28.3%)	63 (32.0%)
Phone usage	1 (3.7%)	1 (2.9%)	3 (8.6%)	3 (6.4%)	1 (1.9%)	9 (4.6%)
Reading	1 (3.7%)	3 (8.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	5 (2.5%)
Showering	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	2 (1.0%)
Washing my face	16 (59.3%)	20 (57.1%)	18 (51.4%)	28 (59.6%)	34 (64.2%)	116 (58.9%)
Watching TV	1 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	2 (1.0%)
How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)
N-Miss	2	0	0	1	0	3
0	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
1	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
2	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
3	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (4.3%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (1.5%)
4	1 (4.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)	2 (4.3%)	1 (1.9%)	5 (2.6%)
5	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (8.3%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	5 (2.6%)
6	1 (4.0%)	3 (8.6%)	1 (2.8%)	2 (4.3%)	2 (3.8%)	9 (4.6%)
7	1 (4.0%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	5 (2.6%)
8	2 (8.0%)	5 (14.3%)	9 (25.0%)	3 (6.5%)	7 (13.2%)	26 (13.3%)
9	2 (8.0%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (6.5%)	4 (7.5%)	10 (5.1%)
10	7 (28.0%)	7 (20.0%)	10 (27.8%)	12 (26.1%)	19 (35.8%)	55 (28.2%)
11	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.0%)
12	5 (20.0%)	10 (28.6%)	6 (16.7%)	17 (37.0%)	11 (20.8%)	49 (25.1%)
13	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.2%)	1 (1.9%)	4 (2.1%)
14	3 (12.0%)	3 (8.6%)	1 (2.8%)	3 (6.5%)	3 (5.7%)	13 (6.7%)
15	2 (8.0%)	1 (2.9%)	2 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	5 (2.6%)
16	1 (4.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.2%)	1 (1.9%)	3 (1.5%)
17	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)							0.4382
Median (Q1, Q3)	11.00 (10.00, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)	11.00 (10.25, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)	11.00 (9.00, 13.00)
In the past week, how many nights did you use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) within 1 hour before bed?							0.0452
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)	7.00 (6.00, 7.00)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)	7.00 (5.00, 7.00)	7.00 (7.00, 7.00)
How stressed do you currently feel about school?							0.0962
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (7.00, 8.50)	7.00 (6.00, 9.00)	7.00 (5.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	7.00 (4.00, 8.00)	7.00 (5.75, 8.00)
When you can’t sleep do you feel							0.1241
Angry	1 (3.7%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (2.8%)	5 (10.6%)	3 (5.7%)	11 (5.6%)
Frustrated	12 (44.4%)	16 (45.7%)	18 (50.0%)	23 (48.9%)	31 (58.5%)	100 (50.5%)
Guilty	9 (33.3%)	5 (14.3%)	9 (25.0%)	5 (10.6%)	6 (11.3%)	34 (17.2%)
None of the above	0 (0.0%)	4 (11.4%)	2 (5.6%)	3 (6.4%)	4 (7.5%)	13 (6.6%)
Other	0 (0.0%)	4 (11.4%)	1 (2.8%)	4 (8.5%)	1 (1.9%)	10 (5.1%)
Sad	2 (7.4%)	1 (2.9%)	3 (8.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (3.0%)
Stressed	3 (11.1%)	4 (11.4%)	2 (5.6%)	7 (14.9%)	8 (15.1%)	24 (12.1%)
How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,)
N-Miss	2	4	2	4	6	18
Never	3 (12.0%)	6 (19.4%)	4 (11.8%)	7 (16.3%)	13 (27.7%)	33 (18.3%)
Rarely	15 (60.0%)	14 (45.2%)	12 (35.3%)	16 (37.2%)	16 (34.0%)	73 (40.6%)
Sometimes	7 (28.0%)	11 (35.5%)	16 (47.1%)	19 (44.2%)	17 (36.2%)	70 (38.9%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Always	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.9%)	1 (2.3%)	1 (2.1%)	4 (2.2%)
Which of the following behaviors do you participate in?							0.2101
N-Miss	0	1	0	0	1	2
Alcohol Consumption	11 (40.7%)	9 (26.5%)	19 (52.8%)	28 (59.6%)	28 (53.8%)	95 (48.5%)
Cigarette smoking	1 (3.7%)	2 (5.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (2.0%)
Daytime napping	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	1 (0.5%)
Drinking Caffeinated beverages	1 (3.7%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	4 (2.0%)
Exercise	8 (29.6%)	16 (47.1%)	11 (30.6%)	13 (27.7%)	19 (36.5%)	67 (34.2%)
Social Media Use	6 (22.2%)	6 (17.6%)	6 (16.7%)	5 (10.6%)	2 (3.8%)	25 (12.8%)
The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.							0.6651
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.7%)	2 (5.6%)	1 (2.1%)	1 (1.9%)	6 (3.0%)
Somewhat disagree	2 (7.4%)	3 (8.6%)	1 (2.8%)	3 (6.4%)	4 (7.5%)	13 (6.6%)
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (7.4%)	6 (17.1%)	2 (5.6%)	5 (10.6%)	3 (5.7%)	18 (9.1%)
Somewhat agree	10 (37.0%)	17 (48.6%)	19 (52.8%)	20 (42.6%)	28 (52.8%)	94 (47.5%)
Strongly agree	13 (48.1%)	7 (20.0%)	12 (33.3%)	18 (38.3%)	17 (32.1%)	67 (33.8%)
Getting a good night’s sleep is important to me.							0.0181
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (7.4%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (2.0%)
Somewhat agree	10 (37.0%)	5 (14.3%)	4 (11.1%)	4 (8.5%)	4 (7.5%)	27 (13.6%)
Strongly agree	15 (55.6%)	29 (82.9%)	31 (86.1%)	41 (87.2%)	49 (92.5%)	165 (83.3%)
Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.							0.2261
N-Miss	0	1	0	0	0	1
Strongly disagree	2 (7.4%)	3 (8.8%)	2 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	9 (4.6%)
Somewhat disagree	8 (29.6%)	5 (14.7%)	9 (25.0%)	9 (19.1%)	9 (17.0%)	40 (20.3%)
Neither agree nor disagree	7 (25.9%)	14 (41.2%)	18 (50.0%)	29 (61.7%)	27 (50.9%)	95 (48.2%)
Somewhat agree	6 (22.2%)	10 (29.4%)	7 (19.4%)	7 (14.9%)	12 (22.6%)	42 (21.3%)
Strongly agree	4 (14.8%)	2 (5.9%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (4.3%)	3 (5.7%)	11 (5.6%)
Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.							0.5391
N-Miss	0	1	0	0	0	1
Strongly disagree	1 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.1%)	1 (1.9%)	3 (1.5%)
Somewhat disagree	3 (11.1%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.6%)	4 (8.5%)	2 (3.8%)	11 (5.6%)
Neither agree nor disagree	3 (11.1%)	3 (8.8%)	2 (5.6%)	5 (10.6%)	1 (1.9%)	14 (7.1%)
Somewhat agree	8 (29.6%)	16 (47.1%)	16 (44.4%)	21 (44.7%)	19 (35.8%)	80 (40.6%)
Strongly agree	12 (44.4%)	15 (44.1%)	16 (44.4%)	16 (34.0%)	30 (56.6%)	89 (45.2%)
Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (7.4%)	2 (5.7%)	1 (2.8%)	4 (8.5%)	1 (1.9%)	10 (5.1%)
Somewhat agree	5 (18.5%)	7 (20.0%)	11 (30.6%)	13 (27.7%)	14 (26.4%)	50 (25.3%)
Strongly agree	20 (74.1%)	26 (74.3%)	23 (63.9%)	30 (63.8%)	38 (71.7%)	137 (69.2%)
I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.							0.7671
Strongly disagree	1 (3.7%)	3 (8.6%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.8%)	7 (3.5%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (3.7%)	1 (2.9%)	2 (5.6%)	1 (2.1%)	1 (1.9%)	6 (3.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	5 (18.5%)	6 (17.1%)	9 (25.0%)	12 (25.5%)	7 (13.2%)	39 (19.7%)
Somewhat agree	9 (33.3%)	17 (48.6%)	13 (36.1%)	21 (44.7%)	23 (43.4%)	83 (41.9%)
Strongly agree	11 (40.7%)	8 (22.9%)	11 (30.6%)	13 (27.7%)	20 (37.7%)	63 (31.8%)
I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (5.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (1.5%)
Neither agree nor disagree	1 (3.7%)	3 (8.6%)	4 (11.1%)	6 (12.8%)	3 (5.7%)	17 (8.6%)
Somewhat agree	6 (22.2%)	14 (40.0%)	12 (33.3%)	17 (36.2%)	8 (15.1%)	57 (28.8%)
Strongly agree	19 (70.4%)	18 (51.4%)	18 (50.0%)	24 (51.1%)	42 (79.2%)	121 (61.1%)
I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.							0.0751
N-Miss	0	0	0	1	0	1
Strongly disagree	1 (3.7%)	3 (8.6%)	1 (2.8%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.9%)	6 (3.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (3.7%)	2 (5.7%)	4 (11.1%)	1 (2.2%)	3 (5.7%)	11 (5.6%)
Neither agree nor disagree	7 (25.9%)	14 (40.0%)	10 (27.8%)	16 (34.8%)	19 (35.8%)	66 (33.5%)
Somewhat agree	5 (18.5%)	13 (37.1%)	13 (36.1%)	20 (43.5%)	14 (26.4%)	65 (33.0%)
Strongly agree	13 (48.1%)	3 (8.6%)	8 (22.2%)	9 (19.6%)	16 (30.2%)	49 (24.9%)
I can maintain healthy sleep habits.							< 0.0011
N-Miss	0	0	1	0	0	1
Not at all confident	7 (25.9%)	1 (2.9%)	4 (11.4%)	2 (4.3%)	0 (0.0%)	14 (7.1%)
Slightly confident	10 (37.0%)	8 (22.9%)	5 (14.3%)	5 (10.6%)	0 (0.0%)	28 (14.2%)
Somewhat confident	5 (18.5%)	17 (48.6%)	15 (42.9%)	22 (46.8%)	6 (11.3%)	65 (33.0%)
Pretty confident	5 (18.5%)	8 (22.9%)	11 (31.4%)	12 (25.5%)	33 (62.3%)	69 (35.0%)
Extremely confident	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (12.8%)	14 (26.4%)	21 (10.7%)
I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.							0.0621
N-Miss	0	0	1	0	0	1
Not at all confident	6 (22.2%)	9 (25.7%)	7 (20.0%)	13 (27.7%)	9 (17.0%)	44 (22.3%)
Slightly confident	12 (44.4%)	12 (34.3%)	15 (42.9%)	13 (27.7%)	10 (18.9%)	62 (31.5%)
Somewhat confident	5 (18.5%)	7 (20.0%)	9 (25.7%)	11 (23.4%)	18 (34.0%)	50 (25.4%)
Pretty confident	1 (3.7%)	4 (11.4%)	4 (11.4%)	10 (21.3%)	8 (15.1%)	27 (13.7%)
Extremely confident	3 (11.1%)	3 (8.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	8 (15.1%)	14 (7.1%)
I can work out regularly.							0.1721
N-Miss	1	0	1	0	0	2
Not at all confident	5 (19.2%)	4 (11.4%)	3 (8.6%)	2 (4.3%)	1 (1.9%)	15 (7.7%)
Slightly confident	8 (30.8%)	6 (17.1%)	5 (14.3%)	11 (23.4%)	7 (13.2%)	37 (18.9%)
Somewhat confident	4 (15.4%)	6 (17.1%)	7 (20.0%)	10 (21.3%)	11 (20.8%)	38 (19.4%)
Pretty confident	6 (23.1%)	9 (25.7%)	12 (34.3%)	11 (23.4%)	11 (20.8%)	49 (25.0%)
Extremely confident	3 (11.5%)	10 (28.6%)	8 (22.9%)	13 (27.7%)	23 (43.4%)	57 (29.1%)
I can meditate before bed.							0.0931
N-Miss	0	0	1	0	0	1
Not at all confident	8 (29.6%)	4 (11.4%)	9 (25.7%)	10 (21.3%)	13 (24.5%)	44 (22.3%)
Slightly confident	7 (25.9%)	10 (28.6%)	11 (31.4%)	12 (25.5%)	11 (20.8%)	51 (25.9%)
Somewhat confident	5 (18.5%)	18 (51.4%)	3 (8.6%)	12 (25.5%)	16 (30.2%)	54 (27.4%)
Pretty confident	3 (11.1%)	2 (5.7%)	8 (22.9%)	9 (19.1%)	9 (17.0%)	31 (15.7%)
Extremely confident	4 (14.8%)	1 (2.9%)	4 (11.4%)	4 (8.5%)	4 (7.5%)	17 (8.6%)
What do you consider a good night’s sleep?							0.0101
10+ hours	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
7 hours	7 (25.9%)	8 (22.9%)	2 (5.6%)	3 (6.4%)	7 (13.2%)	27 (13.6%)
8 hours	16 (59.3%)	25 (71.4%)	22 (61.1%)	35 (74.5%)	39 (73.6%)	137 (69.2%)
9 hours	3 (11.1%)	1 (2.9%)	12 (33.3%)	9 (19.1%)	7 (13.2%)	32 (16.2%)
Less than or equal to 6 hours	1 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)
Energy for daily activities							0.6652
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (5.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Attractiveness (to self & others)							0.3932
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (3.00, 4.00)	4.00 (3.00, 4.00)	3.50 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Productivity at work/school							0.4212
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (5.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.25, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.50, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)							0.6482
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.50 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Mental and emotional wellbeing							0.6812
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.50, 5.00)	5.00 (4.25, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Fostering/maintaining relationships							0.4622
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 4.25)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Caring for children							0.4842
Median (Q1, Q3)	1.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 4.00)	1.00 (1.00, 3.00)	1.00 (1.00, 3.50)	1.00 (1.00, 3.75)	1.00 (1.00, 3.00)
Get outside for 10 minutes in the morning.							0.4452
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (2.00, 4.00)	4.00 (2.25, 5.00)	4.00 (2.75, 5.00)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)
Exercise during the day.							0.0202
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 4.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Do a breathing exercise before you sleep.							0.7592
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.25)	3.00 (2.00, 5.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Not use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) for 1 hour before bed							0.0042
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 2.50)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.75, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)
Listen to a calming audiobook or podcast before bed							0.7612
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (1.00, 4.50)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.25)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	2.00 (1.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene?							0.0091
N-Miss	1	4	2	2	6	15
Friends	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.9%)	5 (11.1%)	2 (4.3%)	8 (4.4%)
Health care professional	10 (38.5%)	16 (51.6%)	15 (44.1%)	18 (40.0%)	11 (23.4%)	70 (38.3%)
News sources	0 (0.0%)	3 (9.7%)	2 (5.9%)	1 (2.2%)	6 (12.8%)	12 (6.6%)
Other online source	4 (15.4%)	3 (9.7%)	5 (14.7%)	4 (8.9%)	8 (17.0%)	24 (13.1%)
Social media	5 (19.2%)	7 (22.6%)	10 (29.4%)	16 (35.6%)	17 (36.2%)	55 (30.1%)
University wellbeing resources	7 (26.9%)	2 (6.5%)	1 (2.9%)	1 (2.2%)	3 (6.4%)	14 (7.7%)

1. Pearson’s Chi-squared test
2. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test

Fig 1

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q3_role, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Role") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 2

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q2_program, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What is your current program at Bloomberg?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 3

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q4_gender, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What gender do you identify as?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 4

g<- ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q37_employed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Are you currently employed outside of your education program?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 5

g<- ggplot(employed) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q38_wfh, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work from home?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 6

g<- ggplot(notworkfromhome) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q39_dayornight, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work day or night shifts?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 7

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q7_children, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=15)) +
  labs(title = "Are there children living in your household?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 8

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q8_diagnosis, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 9

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q9_howoftensleepy, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you feel sleepy during the day?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 10

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q13_consistentwakeup, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 11

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent bedtime on weekdays?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 12

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 13

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=bedtimeroutine, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "My bedtime routine includes") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 14

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q17_stressedaboutschool, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How stressed do you currently feel about school?") +
  xlab("") + 
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 15

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=cantsleepfeeling, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "When you can't sleep do you feel") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 16

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 17

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=behaviors, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Which of the following behaviors do you participate in? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 18

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Getting a good night's sleep is important to me.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 19

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 
g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 20

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Energy for daily activities") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_2_attractivness, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Attractiveness (to self & others)") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_3_productivity, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Productivity at work/school") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g<- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Mental and emotional wellbeing") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Fostering/maintaining relationships") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_7_caringforchildren, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Caring for children") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

## Warning: Removed 8 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 21

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g <- ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='')  

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g + scale_fill_lancet() 

g <-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet() 

Fig 22

g<-ggplot(analysisdata) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=information, fill=compositeoutcomegoodsleep)) +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=16)) +
  labs(title = "Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("") +
  labs(fill='') 

g+ scale_fill_lancet()